| 授業名 | Competitiveness - Country, Company & Individual Perspectives |
|---|---|
| Course Title | Competitiveness - Country, Company & Individual Perspectives |
| 担当教員 Instructor Name | Ralf Boscheck |
| コード Couse Code | GLP222_G25N |
| 授業形態 Class Type | 講義 Regular course |
| 授業形式 Class Format | On Campus |
| 単位 Credits | 2 |
| 言語 Language | EN |
| 科目区分 Course Category | 応用科目200系 / Applied |
| 学位 Degree | MBA |
| 開講情報 Terms / Location | 2025 GSM Nagoya Fall |
授業の概要 Course Overview
Mission Statementとの関係性 / Connection to our Mission Statement
The course provides students the analytical tools to assess (1) a country’s macro-economic performance and policy options, (2) the welfare impact of company strategies and (3) the economics of labor markets and individual career advancement. They will also have identified their own ethical position when evaluating concerns about sustainability, economic growth, income or resource uses. To develop insights that are at the core of the development and the leadership of any business and society, the course links case discussions to relevant concepts of standard micro- and macro-economics, institutional economics, trade theory and development economics as well as political economy. It thus complements the January course on “Driving Competitive Advantage.”
The course contributes to the development of the “frontier spirit” required for ethical and effective leadership in Asia today and tomorrow.
The course contributes to the development of the “frontier spirit” required for ethical and effective leadership in Asia today and tomorrow.
授業の目的（意義） / Importance of this course
The course will equip students with a compact and practical set of micro- and macro-economic concepts necessary to assess and discuss aspects of country, company and individual competitiveness.
学修到達目標 / Achievement Goal
Upon completing the course, students will be able to apply economic tools to assess drivers and obstacles of competitiveness and synthesize findings to support actionable recommendations.
本授業の該当ラーニングゴール Learning Goals
*本学の教育ミッションを具現化する形で設定されています。
LG1 Critical Thinking
LG2 Diversity Awareness
LG3 Ethical Decision Making
LG4 Effective Communication
LG5 Executive Leadership (EMBA)
LG7 Global Perspective (GLP)
LG2 Diversity Awareness
LG3 Ethical Decision Making
LG4 Effective Communication
LG5 Executive Leadership (EMBA)
LG7 Global Perspective (GLP)
受講後得られる具体的スキルや知識 Learning Outcomes
The course will equip students with a compact and practical set of micro- and macro-economic concepts necessary to assess and discuss aspects of country, company and individual competitiveness.
SDGsとの関連性 Relevance to Sustainable Development Goals
Goal 4 質の高い教育をみんなに（Quality Education）
教育手法 Teaching Method
| 教育手法 Teaching Method | % of Course Time | |
|---|---|---|
| インプット型 Traditional | 30 % | |
| 参加者中心型 Participant-Centered Learning | ケースメソッド Case Method | 50 % |
| フィールドメソッド Field Method | 20 % | 合計 Total | 100 % |
事前学修と事後学修の内容、レポート、課題に対するフィードバック方法 Pre- and Post-Course Learning, Report, Feedback methods
The course comprises a mix of class discussions, lectures, as well as brief individual and group assignments. No prior knowledge of economics is needed. Oral participation contributes 70% and two quizzes add 15% each to the final grade. Sessions require upfront case preparation; a timely review of session handouts and review questions after class is necessary.
授業スケジュール Course Schedule
第1日（Day1）
Foundations of Country Competitiveness (case discussion/problem-based learning)a.m.: Our discussion of a brief note on “Concerns about Japan’s Competitiveness Ranking 2024” leads into an examination of a nation’s economic performance and how changes in its supply and demand side, particularly in its labour markets, capital investments as well as monetary and fiscal policies, affect total income. Clearly, choosing a set of economic policies requires trade-offs to be addressed, some of which may impact outsiders as well. Hence, the session ends by illustrating how an economy’s inability to navigate policy dilemmas and reverse its declining performance may also affect its trading partners with lasting macroeconomic and sectoral consequences.
p.m.: Taking a step back, the session opens by asking “what are the targets that an economy should be aiming at?” Most commentators will eventually focus on six objectives but typically cannot agree on how to achieve them. Debates among different economic schools of thought derive from different beliefs in the efficiency of markets and the viability of effective political controls. The underlying biases are often deep-rooted, and many analysts and decision-makers are typically unaware of how these affect their judgements. The session will help participants identify their own biases and how impact their reasoning – case in point: the causes of income inequality and possible responses to these. To prepare for this, participants are being asked to respond to “Three Questions regarding Inequality” – in private without sharing their results.
●使用するケース
“Concerns about Japan’s Competitiveness Ranking 2024” – Author: Ralf Boscheck, IMD;“Three Questions regarding Inequality” – Author: Ralf Boscheck, IMD;
第2日（Day2）
Challenges & Turnarounds (case discussion/problem-based learning)a.m.: Our discussion of the note on “China’s 2017 10-year Plan” in 2025 will lead to a review of the benefits of free trade, necessary methods of protection and adjustment and the need to counteract strategic targeting and dumping. Clearly, “free trade” is under pressure. Long before President Trump’s introduced his “New Trade Agenda,” institutions to govern global markets were breaking down. Also, long before the BRICS+ were constituted, did economies of the Global South begin to reject 1st World development models and to look for ways to put an end to what they call “a history of unequal exchange.” So, what would be the consequences of a complete breakdown of the global trading system? Which adjustments would be required?
p.m.: World history is replete with nations failing to adapt and societies unable to join forces in response to a common challenge; some success stories however do exist. Three types of adjustments will be discussed during the session: first, economic turnarounds in so-called emerged economies - exemplified by Thatcher’s reforms in the UK and political adjustments in Germany after reunification; second, modernization in the Global South represented by post-apartheid South Africa & Brazil; third, the failure of a globally coordinated response to economic crises – as seen by the economic fall-out after COVID and the Ukrainian war. What are the lessons that can be drawn from these cases? How can these insights help to gauge the potential success of policy reforms? In closing, participants will realize how insights of the previous two days converge into an integrative method for country analysis, which they are asked follow in preparing a concise assessment of Japan or their home country.
●使用するケース
“China’s 2017 10-year Plan”, Author: Ralf Boscheck, IMD第3日（Day3）
Business Strategies, Regulation & Technological Advance (case discussion/problem-based learning)a.m. Our discussion of the deceptively simple caselet “Heidi wants a Fiat Cinquecento!” quite quickly presents us with need to understand competition regulation and enforcement practices and the direction of current reforms. It also makes us realize that regulatory authorities – legislators, regulators and business leaders – face a common challenge: the need to stipulate efficient rules. However, for the last three decades, regulators across a range of industries and countries have often failed to delegate rule writing and rule enforcement to industries and companies themselves. As a result, in many cases the regulatory pendulum swung back, the level of fines increased, and formal overregulation set in. What are the implications for companies?
p.m.: Technological advance is often considered the key driver to economic growth and welfare. Yet economists find it difficult to identify which type of companies are best in driving innovation; technology leaders quickly turn myopic and many regulatory authorities that should incentivize inventions by upholding the patent system are effectively undermining it. The session discusses among others the case of “Nexavar in India” as an example of authorities ruling in favour of compulsory licenses, enforcing free access to proprietary data or blocking technological advance for reasons of precaution. How is this affecting the willingness of entrepreneurs to take risks? What are the implications for country competitiveness?
●使用するケース
“Heidi wants a Fiat Cinquecento!” Author: Ralf Boscheck, IMD“Nexavar in India”, Author: Ralf Boscheck, IMD
第4日（Day4）
Labour Markets, Careers, AI and Valuable Work (case discussion/problem-based learning)a.m.: Following a brief critique of conventional views on operations and HR management, the session presents economic perspectives on labour market segmentation and discrimination as well as on work contracts and incentives. If labour market discrimination is not profitable, why is it common? Is reverse discrimination as described in the note on “Gender Quotas” the best response? Following this, the session turns to the comment on “AI & the Future of Work” to speculate about AI’s impact on economic welfare, education and the value of one’s work. Which policy responses seem most likely to deliver which set of economic results??
p.m.: Against the backdrop of the morning session, the afternoon introduces “Building your Future” – an analytical approach to discuss one’s individual motivation, skills and skill requirements as well as career development needs. Participants will undertake a brief self-assessment, share observations in small groups and based on that discuss the pros and cons of the eight generic career trajectories. The session concludes by discussing Richard Sennett’s The Craftsman. Will a future of meaningful work require a return to more arts and craft?
●使用するケース
“Gender Quotas”, Author: Ralf Boscheck, IMD“AI & the Future of Work” Author: Ralf Boscheck, IMD
成績評価方法 Evaluation Criteria
*成績は下記該当項目を基に決定されます。
*クラス貢献度合計はコールドコールと授業内での挙手発言の合算値です。
*クラス貢献度合計はコールドコールと授業内での挙手発言の合算値です。
| 講師用内規準拠 Method of Assessment | Weights |
|---|---|
| コールドコール Cold Call | 10 % |
| 授業内での挙手発言 Class Contribution | 60 % |
| クラス貢献度合計 Class Contribution Total | 70 % |
| 予習レポート Preparation Report | 0 % |
| 小テスト Quizzes / Tests | 30 % |
| シミュレーション成績 Simulation | 0 % |
| ケース試験 Case Exam | 0 % |
| 最終レポート Final Report | 0 % |
| 期末試験 Final Exam | 0 % |
| 参加者による相互評価 Peer Assessment | 0 % |
| 合計 Total | 100 % |
評価の留意事項 Notes on Evaluation Criteria
教科書 Textbook
- 「N/A」 （）
参考文献・資料 Additional Readings and Resource
Suggested background reading may be identified during the sessions.
授業調査に対するコメント Comment on Course Evaluation
N/A
担当教員のプロフィール About the Instructor
Ralf Boscheck, B.A., CC Iowa, U. Marburg; M.A. Publ.Pol., Georgetown U.; MBA (Fin./OR/Econ.), KU Leven; PhD Economics, HSG St. Gallen; Postdoc Harvard University (Economics Department); Habilitation Law & Econ., HSG St. Gallen; Senior Consultant, Monitor Company, Cambridge, Mass. USA & London, UK.: Business Unit & Corporate Strategy & M&A; Country Competitiveness.
Since 1991, core faculty for strategy and economics in IMD’s public programs (MBA, EMBA, PED, MCR, MTE, BSPE, OWP) besides designing and facilitating in-company and strategy workshops for senior executives of corporate clients & public authorities. These include ABB, Allianz, Atkins, Aventis, Bayer*, Bayer Crop Science*, Bertelsmann, Boehringer Ingelheim*, Bonnier*, China Light & Power*, Chopard, Cisco, Clariant, Constantina*, de Mello*, Danisco*, Dupont, E.on*, Grundfos, Henkel*, Hoechst*, Holcim, Lactalis, Lundin*, Metso, Nestlé, Nestlé Health Science, Norske Shell*, Novartis Pharmaceuticals*, Novartis Emerging Markets*, Novo Nordisk*, Oracle*, Oman Electricity Authority, PwC*, Roche, Santander, Siemens*, Thames Water*, TXU Europe, Wilhelmsen*, Worley-Parsons. (*means responsibility for client acquisition or key account management). Faculty Advisor for IMD’s International Consulting Projects supporting Emerging Market NGOs.
2004-20 Lundin Family Chair of Strategy & Economics, IMD; 2014-18 Dean of IMD’s fulltime MBA program & Director of IMD’s International Consulting Projects; prior to that director of IMD’s two most senior open enrolment programs (MCR & BPSE); 2018-21 Full Professor and Decano Escuela de Negocios, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile with continued limited teaching commitment at IMD, Lausanne. Editorial Boards.
（実務経験 Work experience）
Publications:
Books with Cambridge University Press, Palgrave Macmillan, Routledge Publishers, Difo Druck,
50+ cases & notes
50+ single-authored peer-reviewed academic journal articles
Non-refereed articles in Capital, Diario Financiero, Financial Times, Handelsblatt, Les Echos, L’Impresa, Management & Competitividad, MK-Commercio-Exterior, Neue Züricher Zeitung, Puls Bisnesu, PYMES, Der Standard, Süddeutsche Zeitung and Die Welt.
Some Examples:
2024 Reviewing State-Ownership, Bejing Law Review, Vol.15, No.2 June Issue, pp. 878-898.
2024 The EU’s Digital Market Act: Regulatory Reform, Relapse or Reversal? Intereconomics, 59(3), pp.154-9. A modified version was
published as Europe’s Digital Market Act: Bold Reform or Stifling Regulation, in IbyIMD,
https://www.imd.org/ibyimd/geopolitics/europes-digital-markets-act-bold-reform-or-stifling-regulation/
2021 Covid-19 and the Political Economy of Shared Adjustment, Intereconomics, Vol. 56, No.5,
September/October 2021, pp.278-283. A modified version was published as Economía política y ajuste conjunto en perspectiva
europea, in Osorio, H., Soto G.Y. (eds.) Negocios en América Latina después del COVID-19, Rubicona;
2017 Pharmacy Benefit Managers: Fixing Healthcare Market Failures or Straining Regulatory Logics? World Competition: Law &
Economics Review, Vol.40, No.3, pp. 459-470. Syntheses entitled Pharmacy Benefit Managers: Fixing Healthcare Market Failures or
Straining Regulatory Control and Enforcement and Regulatory Responses to the Pharmacy Benefit Manager Debate were
reproduced a.o. by biosimilardevelopment.com;
2016 Patent Trolls: In Search of Efficient Regulatory Standards, World Competition: Law & Economics Review, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 67-84. A
synthesis entitled Keeping an eye on patent trolls was reproduced a.o. by IPWatchdog.com; IPCircuit.com and Global IP News.com;
2015 Intellectual Property Rights and the Evergreening of Pharmaceuticals, Intereconomics, Vol. 50, No.4, July/August 2015, pp. 221-
226.